Both the RCL and UCL are separated into two components: proper collateral ligaments (connects bone to bone: MC to PP or PP to MP or MP to DP) and accessory collateral ligaments (connects bone to volar plate) Radial/ ulnar collateral ligaments: Ligaments that stabilizes the MP and IP joints on both the radial and ulnar aspects of the joints respectively. Proximally, these begin with the check-rein ligaments. Volar plate: a thickening of the joint capsule of the volar aspect of the MP and IP joints that prevent hyperextension of these joints. The joints of the carpal bones and the radius are referred to as: The joints of the metacarpal, phalangeal, and carpal bones are referred to as: The joints of the phalanges are the proximal and distal joints and are referred to as: The joints of the hand are remarkable for the variability of motion that supports the fingers and thumbs in many tasks (e.g., the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb can move in all planes). (From Anthony C, Kolthoff N: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St Louis, 1975, Mosby.) 10-1Bones of the right hand and wrist, dorsal surface. Tuft: the terminal bony expansion of the distal phalanx.įig. In the hand, these include the scaphoid, trapezium (does not have any ligamentous attachments), and the hook of the hamate. Tubercles: bony prominences that provide ligamentous attachment. The ulna styloid base is also an attachment for the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Styloids: bony protuberances off the radius and ulna that act as attachment sites for the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, respectively. Sigmoid notch: the articular surface on the distal radius that accepts the ulna in the distal radioulnar joint. A sesamoid bone may also be found on the lateral side of the MCP joint of the index finger and medial side of the MCP joint of the little finger.
The sesamoids articulate with the head of the metacarpal bone to which muscles are attached.
Sesamoids: small bones on the medial and lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal joint). There are two phalanges in the thumb (proximal and distal) and three phalanges in each of the four digits (proximal, medial, and distal). Each phalanx has a proximal base, shaft, neck, and distal head. Phalanges (phalanx, sing.): the bones of the thumb and fingers. The bases of the metacarpal bones articulate proximally with the distal row of carpal bones. Metacarpals: the five long bones of the hand in the palm area. It also separates the second (ECRL and ECRB) and third (EPL) extensor compartments. Lister’s tubercle: bony prominence in the dorsum of distal radius bone that the EPL tendon traverses around en route to distal phalanx of thumb. Hamulus: not a separate bone this term is used to describe the hook of the hamate in the wrist. The distal row leading from the thumb side is composed of the trapezium (greater multangular), trapezoid (lesser multangular), capitate (os magnum), and hamate (unciform).Ĭarpus: the wrist term applied to the structures of the wrist including the carpal bones.įossae (fossa, sing.): the scaphoid and lunate fossae are normal recesses in the articular surface of the distal radius that allow articulation of the scaphoid and lunate, respectively. The proximal row from lateral to medial (radial to ulnar) includes the scaphoid (navicular), lunate (semilunar), triquetrum (triangular), and pisiform. Appendix A, Orthopaedic Abbreviations, lists the many hand abbreviations used to simplify the terminology.Īccessory bone: an extra bone that may develop in the carpus of the wrist as seen on radiographs an anomaly.Ĭarpal bones: the eight bones of the anatomic wrist, arranged in a proximal and distal row, and held firmly together by ligaments. Usually the Latin name is spelled out initially and abbreviated subsequently. There are many abbreviations used in hand anatomy because of the lengthy Latin names, for example, flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The chapter reflects changes in the anatomy format, with an explanation of zones, pulleys, and other miscellaneous names specific to the hand. The sequence of definitions given here will help to define the basics of hand control, kinematics, and function. Where is there available a precision instrument that can either gently pick up eggs or lift 200 pounds? That can detect the weight of only four grains of sand, temperature differences of 1 degree, and the distance between two points less than 0.1 inch? That is remote controlled, self-powered, and transportable to any part of the world? This priceless tool is available at no cost to almost all humankind-the hand.Ī description of the intricate anatomic features of the hand and wrist is presented with illustrations.
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